Silencer.



J. M. MILLER.

SILBNGER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 29, 1909.

Patented Mar.`8, 1910.

WICI, lili- W/ TNESSES s'rAirEs PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES M. MILLER, F WASHINGTON, DISTRICT 0F COLUMBIA.

SILENCER.

' 951Mo.,l speomation of Lettersrafent. Patented Mar. s, 1910.

Application led July 29, 1909. Serial N o. 510,323. A

To all whom it concern: 4' Another object of the invention is the pro- M. MILLER, a

' Be it known that I, JAMES citizen of the United States, residing at' l/Vashington, District of'Golumbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Silencers, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to an improvement in silencers designed for use with any type of engine, bein'g more particularly dlrected to a muiller in which the energy of the exhaust gases is dissipated by counteracting their velocity of vmovement and changing their path of direction within the silencer.

y A primary/'object of the present invention is the prbvlsion of a silencer in which the volume of exhaust gas is deflected from its ordinary direction of movement and divided into a series of succeeding rotary or whirling currents to dissipate or reduce the velocity of movement of the gas and thereby its energy, the gases finally escaping from the si'- lencer under the power of its expansive force alone, with the effect to cause a silent discharge thereof. f

Another obi ect of the invention is the provision of a silencer in which the deflecting planes within the lsilencer are of continuously lncreasing diameter from the inletto the discharge end of the silencer, with the elfect to increase the angular deflection of the gaseslengthwise the silencer or mulii'er and thereby vdecrease the angular velocity of the gases lengthwise the silencer. This effect results in the formation of a pull upon the gases within the silencer and thus supplementing the tendency to create a vacuum at the inlet end of the muffler caused by that portion of the gases which passes directly through the silencer in a practically straight course, the bell-like formation of said end of course tending to facilitate the formation Vof the vacuum,- the result being to avoid back pressure on the engine and to assist in the scavenging of the cylinder.

AnotherA object of the invention is the provision of a muflier' made up of a series of interchan eable units, whereby to provide a variety 0 combinations of the different iler. t0

elements-with particular re ard to their deflectingmsurfaces, readilyva apting the mufarranged for coperation with difs ferent types of engines I y vision of a muliier in which the deliecting 'surfaces form curved lanes throughout, thereby preventing the eposit of\carbon or the like 0n such surfaces in the use of the mutlier.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a muliler in which the gases after being influenced by the deliecting surfacesare collected from said surfaces in an enveloping casing from which lthey are dischargedvbytheir ex ansive force, whereby the volume of gas afilicted by each deflecting surface is by said surface directed into the casing beyond the influence of the succeeding deflecting surfaces. The effect of the respective deflecting surfaces is thus direct upon the initial velocity of the exhaust gas an'd does not act upon any portion of the as in whichthe initlal velocity has been lecreased by a preceding deecting surface.

'The invention will be descrlbed in 'the following specification, reference beinghad particularly tothe accompanying drawings, 1n which f Figure 1 is a vertical section of the improved mulller. Fig. 2 is a similar view, showing a slightly modified form. Fig. 3 is a similar view of a double type of muiller. Fig. 4 is a broken sectional view'of another form of muffler. F ig. 5 is an enlarged broken sectional view illustrating the connection between the cup-members.

Referring particularly to the accompanying drawings, my improved muliier is made up primarily of a series of mufliing elements 1, including cup-like bodies having edge flanges or walls 2' and bottom walls 3. The edge walls are in Ithe form o'f plain annular flanges while the bottom walls are of double concavo-.convex form. The form of the bottom walls is concave inside andconvex outside, having the meeting lines of curvature at the central pointl of the bottom, so that from said central point the bottom curves in all'di'rections toward the. side wall.

The bottom of each cu member is formed with a centrally dispose opening 4, and by reason of the formation ofthe bottom previously described said bottom intermediate the edge of the opening and the side wall is concaved on the inner surface and convex on the outer surface. At the juncture of the bottom and side Wall of each cup member. there is formed in the relatively outer surface a slight annular depression or groove 5, and the inner edge of the free end of each side Wall is formed with a slight projection 6 to fit within the annular depression 5 of the next or adjacent cup member. By this means the cup members are arran ed in sucL cessively alined positions with t e central vpoints of their openings 4 in longitudinal alinement, the projection 6 and depression 5 serving to permit the convenient assemblage of the members and to maintain them 1n such position during assemblage of the parts.`

sleeve-like casing, is secured between thel anges 10 of the respective shells, the end edges of the collector being engaged beneath the lips 11 of the fianges.

In assembling the parts the series of cup members are secured in connected relation as described, any desired number being used. The forward edge of the cup member immediately adjacent the inlet shell seats in a recess 13 formed in the free edge of the shell, while the final cup member is engaged by an outlet band 14, the forward edge thereof fittin in the depression 5 of the final member an the rear'edge seating in a recess 15 in the outlet shell. The collector casing 12, which has a diameter exceeding the maximum diameter of the cup members is applied prior to the application of the outlet shell, and tie rods 16 are passed lengthwise the casing with the ends passing through openings in the flanges 10 of the shell, the usual nuts se curing the bolts, and thereby the other parts in connected relation` `As before stated the diameter of the collector casing 12 exceeds that of the cu members so as to provide what will be heremafter termed an annular collection chamber 17 surrounding the side walls of the cup members throughout the length of the mufiier. The side wall of each cup member is formed with a series of openin s 18 establishing communication between 51e interior of the cup member and the collection chamber, and

the outlet ring 14 is formed with a series of openings 19 to establish communication betlvvelfn the collection chamber and the outlet s e It is to be understood, of course, that the varied as desired in the particular muffler.

and that having such variation of openings f the cup members owing to their interchangeability may be arran ed with relation to each other as desire For example, as shown in the preferred form in Fig. 1, the central openings of the cup members gradu ally decrease in diameter from the inlet shell toward the outlet shell, this arrangement gradually increasing the size of the deflect mg surfaces of said members from the inlet toward the outlet end of the member. With the size of said surfaces of the respective members differing in area, it is obvious that said members may be arranged in any desired relation, for example the first member next the inlet shell may have the maximum or minimum central opening, and the next succeeding member a larger or smaller open'- ng. Any number of combinations may be thus produced and with two series of members having differently sized openings in each series, a stepped arrangement of delecting surfaces may be secured by arranging first a small or large opening and next the reverse.

In Fig. 2 the central openings to the cup members are of uniform diameter throughout the length of the muffler, in which arrangement the deiecting surfaces of said members are of course equal throughout the muiiler.

In Fig. 3 I haveshown a doubleA type of muiier in which the inlet pipe 20 communicates with a ring 21 arranged centrally of the muiier, to the respective edges of which ring are secured the cup members. The cup members have their concaved surfaces toward the ring, that is opposing each other, the final .member of each series being connected as in the preferred form to an outlet shell 22. As illustrated the central openings of the respective members gradually decrease in size from the inlet ring 2l to the' respective outlet shells. It is of course obvious that, if desired, as a result of the interchangeability of the cup members, the two series of members illustrated in Fig. 3 may be transposed and their concave faces disposed in reversed formation to that illustrated, in which arrangement the exhaust gases will simultaneously enter the ends of the silencer and exit through the pipe 21. The usual collector casing 12, and means of securing the parts together is used in this form. M

In Fig. 4 `a slightly different form is shown in whichthe cup. members are held in spaced relation through the medium of spacing sleeves 23 encirclin a tie rod 24 assed lengthwise through al of the memers, the relative lengths of the sleeves 23 l so and the side walls of the cup members ing such that the forward edges of said side i bers through lwhich the walls when-the vsleeves are'in ace* are spaced from'the adjacentedges o the next succeeding cup member, thereby tprovifding an annular space 26 between the cup'mem gases may escape into the collection chambe In use the exhaust gasesdirected into the silencer are gradually taken up in the travel through the silencer by theY deecting. surfaces of the respective cup members. lThat .portion of the gases taken up by each deecting surface 1s given a rotary orwhirling movement between said surface andthe convex surface of the next deflecting surface toward the inlet. This whirling movement develops acentrifugal action, forcing the gases against the wallsof `the members until the velocity of movement has been -so reduced as to permit the ex ansive force of the gas to direct the same t rough the adjacent opening 18 into the collection chamber. The reduction of velocity tends to dissipate the energy'of the gases, so that when delivered into the collectionl chamber the gases are practically moving under their expanlsive force alone.

In the forms 'sl'.own particularly in Fig. 14

it will be noted that the deflectingsurfaces at the outlet end ofthe mufler have the maximum area, and that, therefore, that proportion of the gases taken up at this point will exceed that at any other point. Therefore, the velocity of the gases at this point will act to draw u n the gases following in the central openings .of the cup members with the effect to create a suction at the inlet end of the muiiier or lin' other words the tendency to a vacuum. This result, coupled with the fact lthat the gases deflected by each succeed? ing surface are notdirected back to the next vsurace, but sent into an outsidelchamber,

I the' cylinder.v

.ten sto -relievegthe cylinder lof all back pressurefincident to a retardation of the .dii rect escape of the gases, and the vacuum cre-v ated materially increases the scavengmgof The gases from' th' erecting-'timmer passthrougkli the openings19into theoutlet shell, and y reas'o'nof the `elimination of their energy inthe muillerfare discharged noiselessly intov theatmospliere.vv

It is, ,of course, tov be understood' that an ydesired numberof cup members may be use and that thesizes of the adjacent f deflecting surfaces may be varied with relatibn to each other to any desired extent. i

"I claimz'- I e 1. A muffler including 4a series of deflecting surfaces, and a-'collection chamber'to recei've the gases directly from said delectingsurfaces.

s. i A muler including a series of delectl ein surfaces of different areas, each of said de ect-ing surfaces being arranged t ans+ verse the direct path of the escaping uid. 3. A mulenincludin a series of curved delecting surfaces of iferent areas, each of'said deflectin vsurfaces being arranged gaisverse the direct path ofthe escaping 4. A muier includin a series of connected cup members, cacho? said members being `formed to provide throughout its deflecting area a concavo-convex deiecting surface.

5. A muler includin a series of connected ccup members, each o said members being formed to provide throughout its deiecting area a concave-convex deiiecting surface, the surfaces of said members being arranged in parallel spaced relation.

'6. A muffler includin ed cup members each o said members being formed with -a deflecting surface, and a collector encircling the members.V

7. A muiier including -a series of connected cup members, each of said members being formed with a delecting surface, and a collector encircling the members and in open communication with the'sp'ace .between the adjacent detlecting surfaces of the members.

' 8. A muler including a series of cup members,-an inlet shell connected to Jthe first cupl member, an outlet shell vconnected to the final cup member, and a collection casing encircling the cup membersl between the shells.

9...A- muler including a series of cup members, an inlet shell connected to the first cup member, an outlet shell connected to the final -cup member, and a collection cas' g encirclin and in communication with he cup mem ers between the shells. y

10. .A silencer made vup of a series of cup a series of connectmembers formed for interlocking onevwith another, and meansarra'nged beyond the members for securing them together.

v11.- A silencer'made up of a series of cup i members each including a deflecting portion' and anA annular flange, the outer surface of the memberl bein formed with an annular roove and thev orwardv edge 'of the flange l ormed witha groove-fitting projection.

. 12.. Al -silencer vincluding a series ofv cupmembers having central openings and dei" fleeting surfaces arranged beyond the Openment.

13. A deflecting member for "s/ilencers i n cluding a'cupsha ed bodyV havingan annular flange and a electingsurface.concavedA in all'directions from a central point.

14:. A delecting member for silencers ine cluding a cup-shaped' having an annu? 51er Han e and a deecting surface concaved -cluding a cup-shaned body having an annuin all irections from a central point, the lar flange and .a eflecting surface concave'l flange being formed with openings. equally 1n al1 directions from a. central point. 15. A defecting member for silencers in- Intestimony whereof, I ax my signa- 5 lcludng a cup-Shu. d body hming an annu ture in `presence of two witnesses.

ar. ange and a. e ecting sur ace concave in al1 directions from a oentral point, the de- JAMES M MILLER .fleeting surface being formed with a central Witnesses: l

openm. HERBERT L. FRANC, 10 16. deectmg member for silencers in HARRY L. GoULD. 

